Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It was not permissible to
address the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) by
saying “Ya Muhammad” during his lifetime, because Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Make not the calling of
the Messenger (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم)
among you as your calling one of another”
[al-Noor 24:63].
Al-Dahhaak said, narrating
from Ibn ‘Abbaas: They used to say Ya Muhammad, Ya Aba’l-Qaasim, but Allaah
told them not to do that, out of respect to His Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him). So they said Ya Rasool Allaah (O Messenger
of Allaah), Ya Nabi Allaah (O Prophet of Allaah). Mujaahid and Sa’eed ibn
Jubayr said something similar.
Qataadah said: Allaah
enjoined that His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
should be treated with respect and venerated and honoured as a leader.
Muqaatil ibn Hayyaan said: Do not address him by name when you call him and
say Ya Muhammad, and do not say Ya Ibn ‘Abd-Allaah. Rather address him with
honour and say Ya Nabi Allaah or Ya Rasool Allaah.
Maalik said, narrating from
Zayd ibn Aslam: Allaah enjoined them to address him with honour.
So the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) should not be addressed by name only,
rather it should be said: Ya Rasool Allaah, Ya Nabi Allaah.
Secondly:
It is not permissible to
call on the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in
du’aa’ after his death, because du’aa’ is an act of worship that can only be
directed to Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And the mosques are for
Allaah (Alone), so invoke not anyone along with Allaah”
[al-Jinn 72:13]
“And who is more astray
than one who calls on (invokes) besides Allaah, such as will not answer him
till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls
(invocations) to them?”
[al-Ahqaaf 46:5]
And the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be
pleased with him): “If you ask, then ask of Allaah, and if you seek help
then seek help from Allaah.”
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi
(2516) and classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan al-Tirmidhi.
Du’aa’ is asking for
benefit and asking for harm to be warded off, and it is not only done by
saying Yaa (O…), rather it has become customary among people to use this
call in du’aa’, especially when hardship comes and calamity strikes, so they
say Ya Allaah, meaning O Allaah, save us, give us help, support us.
This is the action of
monotheists (believers in Tawheed) who do not call upon anyone other than
Allaah. As for those who worship graves and tombs, they call upon their
“saints” and revered ones, saying Ya Badawi, Ya Rifaa’i, Ya Jilaani, and
what they mean is, O Badawi, help us, come to our aid, save us.
And some of them say: Ya
Rasool-Allaah, Ya Muhammad, in this manner also. This is calling upon him,
seeking his help and turning to him.
It is well known that this
is one of the worst ways of going against the message that was brought by
Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the other
Messengers, and that was revealed in the Books, namely the call to Tawheed
and worshipping Allaah alone, and forsaking the worship of all others.
It is not acceptable in the
religion of Islam, which Allaah has chosen as the religion for His slaves,
to call upon anyone except Allaah, not any Prophet who was sent or any angel
who is close to Him. Rather we are to call upon Him alone. Hence Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Is not He (better than
your gods) Who responds to the distressed one, when he calls on Him, and Who
removes the evil, and makes you inheritors of the earth, generations after
generations? Is there any ilaah (god) with Allaah? Little is that you
remember!”
[al-Naml 27:62]
Thus it is known that if a
person says Ya Muhammad or Ya Rasool Allaah, not intending thereby to call
upon him and seek his help, then there is nothing wrong with it, such as if
he wants to call him to mind and remember him, such as if he reads a hadeeth
and says Sall-Allaah ‘alayka ya Rasool-Allaah (May Allaah send
blessings upon you, O Messenger of Allaah) or How great and beautiful are
your words, O Messenger of Allaah. But saying Ya Muhammad is contrary to
good manners, as explained above.
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah
have mercy on him) was asked: Is it shirk if someone says in any place on
earth, Ya Muhammad Ya Rasool-Allaah, calling him?
He replied:
Allaah has stated in His
Holy Book and on the lips of His Messenger (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) that worship is the right of Allaah alone and no one
else has any share of it, and that du’aa’ is a kind of worship, so if a
person says in any place on earth, Ya Rasool-Allaah, Ya Nabi Allaah or Ya
Muhammad, help me, or save me, or support me, or heal me, or support your
ummah, or heal the sick Muslims, and guide their misguided ones and so on,
then he is making him a partner with Allaah in worship. The same applies to
those who do the same thing with regard to other Prophets, angels, awliya’
(“saints), jinn, idols or any other created beings, because Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
“And I (Allaah) created
not the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me (Alone)”
[al-Dhaariyaat 51:56]
“O mankind! Worship your
Lord (Allaah), Who created you and those who were before you so that you may
become Al-Muttaqoon (the pious”
[al-Baqarah 2:21]
End quote from Majmoo’
Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz (2/453).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may
Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Some people at times of hardship say Ya
Muhammad or Ya ‘Ali or Ya Jilaani. What is the ruling on that?
He replied:
If the intention is to call
upon them and seek their help, then the person is a mushrik in the sense of
major shirk that puts one beyond the pale of Islam, and he must repent to
Allaah and call upon Allaah alone, as Allaah says (interpretation of the
meaning):
“Is not He (better than
your gods) Who responds to the distressed one, when he calls on Him, and Who
removes the evil, and makes you inheritors of the earth, generations after
generations? Is there any ilaah (god) with Allaah? Little is that you
remember!”
[al-Naml 27:62]
As well as being a mushrik,
he is also fooling himself. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And who turns away from
the religion of Ibraaheem (Abraham) (i.e. Islamic Monotheism) except him who
befools himself?”
[al-Baqarah 2:130]
“And who is more astray
than one who calls on (invokes) besides Allaah, such as will not answer him
till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls
(invocations) to them?”
[al-Ahqaaf 46:5]
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